Tag Archives: EFCore

EF Core’s IsConfigured and Logging

Data Access,

I got a little confused about some behavior today and finally realized my mistake so thought I would share it. This mostly happens in demo apps that I’m building that are not using  ASP.NET Core.

In these cases, I typically stick the DbContext provider configuration in the OnModelConfiguring method. For example, if I’m using SQLite, then I would specify that in the method as such:

protected override void OnConfiguring
 (DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
{
   optionsBuilder.UseSqlite (@"Filename=Data/PubsTracker.db");
}

I also have been using the logging factory a lot. After defining it, I also configure it. I hadn’t thought much about where I was placig it so added it in randomly.

protected override void OnConfiguring 
  (DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
{
  optionsBuilder.UseLoggerFactory (MyConsoleLoggerFactory);
  optionsBuilder.UseSqlite (@"Filename=Data/PubsTracker.db");
}

Then I added in some tests to had to avoid the SQLite provider if the InMemory provider was already configured, so I wrapped the UseSqlite method with a check to see if the options builder was already configured.

protected override void OnConfiguring
  (DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
{
  optionsBuilder.UseLoggerFactory (MyConsoleLoggerFactory);
  if(!optionsBuilder.IsConfigured)
  {
    optionsBuilder.UseSqlite (@"Filename=Data/PubsTracker.db");
  }
}

But my logic wasn’t working. I was running some migrations but they were suddenly not recognizing the UseSqlite method. I’ve used this pattern so many times. It took me a while to realize what was going on. The UseLoggerFactory is a configuration!

I just had to move the UseLoggerFactory logic after the IsConfigured check and all was well.

This is one of those dumb things that seems so silly you wouldn’t imagine someone else would make such a mistake. But since it bit me, I thought it was worth sharing mostly for the sake of the next coder who is trying to solve the same problem.

New Pluralsight Course! EF Core 2: Getting Started

Data Access,

I’ve recently published my 19th course on Pluralsight.com: Entity Framework Core 2: Getting Started.

It’s 2hrs 40 minutes long and focuses on the basics.

This is using EF Core 2.0.1 in Visual Studio 2017.

Future plans: I’ve begun working on an intermediate level course to follow up and have others in the pipeline…such as a course to cover features of EF Core 2.1 when it gets released (I will wait until it has RTMd for stability) and other advanced topics. I am also planning to do a cross-platform version using VS Code on macOS because that’s my fave these days.

If you are not a Pluralsight subscriber, send me a note and I can give you a 30-day trial so you can watch the course. Be warned: the trial is akin to a gateway drug to becoming a subscriber.

Here is the table of contents for the course:

Introducing a New, Lighter Weight Version of EF   32m 40s
Introduction and Overview
What Is Entity Framework Core?
Where You Can Build and Run Apps with EF Core
How EF Core Works
The Path From EF6 to EF Core to EF Core
EF Core 2 New Features
Looking Ahead to EF Core 2.1 and Beyond
Review and Resources

Creating a Data Model and Database with EF Core    42m 36s
Introduction and Overview
Setting up the Solution
Adding EF Core with the NuGet Package Manager
Creating the Data Model with EF Core
Specifying the Data Provider and Connection String
Understanding EF Core Migrations
Adding Your First Migration
Inspecting Your First Migration
Using Migrations to Script or Directly Create the Database
Recreating the Model in .NET Core
Adding Many-to-many and One-to-one Relationships
Reverse Engineering an Existing Database
Review and Resources

Interacting with Your EF Core Data Model 34m 11s
Introduction and Overview
Getting EF Core to Output SQL Logs
Inserting Simple Objects
Batching Commands When Saving
Querying Simple Objects
Filtering Data in Queries
Updating Simple Objects
Disconnected Updates
Deleting Objects with EF Core
Review and Resources

Querying and Saving Related Data   20m 49s
Introduction and Overview
Inserting Related Data
Eager Loading Related Data
Projecting Related Data in Queries
Using Related Data to Filter Objects
Modifying Related Data
Review and Resources

Using EF Core in Your Applications    30m 52s
Introduction and Overview
EF Core on the Desktop or Device
The Desktop Application: Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF)
Creating the WPF Application
Walking Through the WPF Data Access
EF Core in ASP.NET Core MVC
Adding Related Data into the MVC App
Coding the MVC App’s Relationships
Review and Resources

The Secret to Running EF Core 2.0 Migrations from a NET Core or NET Standard Class Library

Data Access,

I have had two people that watched my Pluralsight EF Core Getting Started course (which will soon be joined by an EF Core 2: Getting Started course) ask the same question, which mystified me at first.

The were running migrations commands which caused the project to compile, but the commands did not do anything. For example, add-migration didn’t add a migration file. get-dbcontext did not return any information. The most curious part was there was no error message! I was able to duplicate the problem.

With EF6 it was possible to use migrations from a class library with no exe project in sight. EF Core migrations can run from a .NET Framework or .NET Core project but not .NET Standard. It needs a runtime. A common workaround is that even if you haven’t gotten to the UI part of your app yet, to just add a .NET Core console app project to the solution, add the EF Core Design Nuget package to it and set it as the startup project. But it’s still possible to do this without adding in a dummy project.

We already knew about the multi-targetting fix which solved an error when you try to run migrations from a .NET Standard library. But even with that fix in place, we were getting the mysterious nothingness.

The answer to the question was buried in a GitHub issue and in comments for the Migrations document in the EF Core docs. This same solution solved a problem I was having when trying to use migrations in a UWP app (again, not .NET Core or .NET Framework) that used a separate class library to host its DbContext.

I’m writing this blog post to surface the solution until it is resolved.

The solution that we used with EF Core 1.0 in order to run migrations from a .NET Standard library was to multi-target for .Net Standard (so you can use the library in a few places) and .NET Core (so you can run migrations).

That means replacing

<PropertyGroup>       
  <TargetFramework>netstandard20</TargetFramework>
</PropertyGroup>

with

<PropertyGroup> 
  <TargetFrameworks>netcoreapp2.0;netstandard2.0</TargetFrameworks>
</PropertyGroup>

Notice that the attribute name is now plural and there is a semi-colon between the two SDKs.

But there’s one more secret which is not in the documentation.

For .NET Standard 2.0 (and EF Core 2.0), you also need to add the following to csproj.

<PropertyGroup>
 <GenerateRuntimeConfigurationFiles>true</GenerateRuntimeConfigurationFiles></PropertyGroup>

Now with the DbContext project set as the startup and ensuring that the package manager console (or command line) are pointing to the same project, your migration commands will work.

Thanks to Christopher Moffat who found the solution in the GitHub issues and shared it in the comments on the EF Core Package Manager Console Tools document.

Screenshot for Tony ..see my comment in reply to your comment below.

Domain-Driven Design Europe 2018 in Amsterdam

Conferences,

I’m excited to be attending and speaking at DDD Europe 2018 in Amsterdam on Feb 1-2 2018. It’s an honor to be on the speaker roster with so many DDD gurus and other people with amazing DDD experiences stories to share.

The lowest early-bird ticket prices can still be bought through Nov 30 at €599 (+21% VAT =  €724 (app. ~$860US +). The ticket will go to €699 (+VAT) from Dec 1-Dec31 and then to €749 (+VAT) until the conference.

Prior to the conference,  there are also 10 amazing workshops ranging from 1/2 day to 2 days across January 30 – 31st.

I’ll be doing a 2  hour workshop during the conference proper on using EF Core 2 to map DDD patterns in your domain. It will be a hands-on workshop and my intention is to build some koans for attendees to work with. Although the flavor of hands-on may shift as I continue to percolate ideas.

Watch my Domain-Driven Design Fundamentals course on Pluralsight

Another Use Case for DbContext.Add in EFCore (and a DDD win)

Data Access, Uncategorized,

If you are like me and design your classes following Domain-Driven Design principals , you may find yourself with code like this for controlling how objects get added to collections in the root entity.

public class Samurai {

  public Samurai (string name) : this()
  {
     Name = name;
  }

  private Samurai ()
  {
    _quotes=new List<Quote>();
  }

  public int Id { get; private set; }
  public string Name { get; private set; }
  private readonly List _quotes = new List ()
  private IEnumerable Quotes => _quotes.ToList ();
  public void AddQuote (string quoteText) {
      var newQuote=new Quote(quoteText,Id);
      _quotes.Add (newQuote);
  }

I have a fully encapsulated collection of Quotes. The only way to add a new quote is through the AddQuote method. You can’t just call Samura.Quotes.Add(myquote).

Additionally, because I want to control how developers interact with my API, there is no DbSet for Quotes. You have to do all of your queries and updates via context.Samurais.

A big downside to this is that if I have a new quote and I know the ID of the samurai, I have to first query for the samurai and then use the AddQuote. That really bugs me. I just want to create a new quote, push in the Samurai’s ID value and save it. And that requires either raw SQL or a DbSet<Quote>. I don’t like either option. Raw SQL is a hack in this case and DbSet<Quote> will open my API up to potential misuse.

I was thinking about this problem while laying in bed this morning (admit it, that’s the first thing you do when you wake up, too, right?) and had an idea.

In EF Core, we can now add objects directly to the context without going through the DbSet. The context can figure out what DbSet the entity belongs to and apply the right info to the change tracker. I thought this was handy for being able to call

myContext.AddRange(personobjectA, accountobjectB, productObjectC);

Although I haven’t run into a good use case for leveraging that yet.

What occurred to me is that if DbContext.Add is  using  reflection, maybe EF Core can find a private DbSet.

So I added a private DbSet to my DbContext class:

private DbSet<Quote> Quotes { get; set; }
 And tried out this code (notice I’m using context.Add, not context.Quotes.Add):
static void AddQuoteToSamurai () 
{
  using (var context =newSamuraiContext ()) 
  {
    var quote=newQuote("Voila",1);
    context.Add(quote);
    context.SaveChanges();
  }
}
And it worked! But this isn’t complete yet. I’m breaking my rule of ensuring that only my aggregate root can manage quotes. So this is “dangerous” code from my DDD perspective. However, I was happy to know that EF Core would support this capability.
Currently, Samurai.AddQuote does not have any additional logic to be performed on the quote. What if I were to add in a “RemoveBadWords” rule before a quote can get added?
public void AddQuote (string quoteText) 
{
 Utilities.RemoveBadWords(quoteText);
 var newQuote=new Quote(quoteText,Id);
  _quotes.Add (newQuote);
}
 Now I have an important reason to use Samurai to do the deed. I can add a second, static AddQuote method that also takes an int. Because it’s static, it’s a pass through method.
public static Quote AddQuote(string quoteText,int samuraiId)
{
  Utilities.RemoveBadWords(quoteText); 
  var newQuote=newQuote(quoteText,samuraiId);
  return newQuote;
}

This works and now I don’t have to have an instance of Samurai to use it:

staticvoid AddQuoteToSamurai () 
{
  using (var context =newSamuraiContext ()) {
    context.Add(Samurai.AddQuote("static voila",1));
    context.SaveChanges();
}

One thing I was worried about was if I had an instance of Samurai and tried to use this to add a quote to a different samurai. That would break the aggregate root…it’s job is to manage its own quotes only. It shouldn’t know about other Samurais.

But .NET protects me from that. I can’t call the static method from an instance of Samurai.

I still think that there’s a little bit of code smell from a DDD perspective about having this static, pass-through method in an aggregate root so will have to investigate that (or wait for any unhappy DDDers in my comments). But for now I am happy that I can avoid having to query for an instance of Samurai just to do this one task.

First Foray into .NET Core 2.0

Data Access, , ,

I have to start somewhere so I started wtih super baby steps. Downloading the .NET Core 2 nightly build and trying to create a simple console app. Right away I failed miserably. The reason? The nightly builds have already jumped the shark! They are working on 2.1.0 and I accidentally grabbed that. And that was a little too bleeding edge for me.

There is a docker image that you can use quite easily but I wanted to try CLI, VS Code and Visual Studio. Therefore I wanted to just install the bits right on my machine.

What I’ll show you are  my first tests I did on macOS and on Windows 10. I like to do this just to make sure things are actually running properly. Note that on macOS, I just installed this new version directly on my machine where I have other versions of .NET Core. Key is that there is no production work on there dependent on other versions, so I won’t mess up anything important. The versions can live side by side. It’s just that for someone like me who “knows enough to be dangerous”, it’s easy to get tangled up with the versions even though I know tricks like creating a local nuget.config file and also specifying a version in global.json. On Windows, however, I am using a clean VM that has no other versions of .NET on it. That’s the smart way anyway. Although I did try the not smart way of installig it on my machine that already has all kinds of versions of all kinds of frameworks on it and even with my versioning tricks, I could not get 2.0.0 to do a restore or build.

I mentioned above that I originally downloaded the wrong version of the SDK. (Note that the typical SDK install also includes the runtime….so I got the wrong versoins of both. You can read the gory details of that in this GitHub issue which I kept updating as I sorted the problem out.) I want to stick with .NET Core 2.0.0. The installer for that is tucked away in a branch of github.com/dotnet/cli rather than grabbing the absolute latest from the master. Instead go to https://github.com/dotnet/cli/tree/release/2.0.0. There is a solid 2.0.0 version — 2.0.0-preview2-006391. That’s the one I’m using on Windows and macOS.

2017-06-11_12-23-16.jpg

Make Sure NuGet Knows Where to Find Packages

You can update your global NuGet.Config before creating projects. Alternatively, you can create a project and then add a local NuGet.config file to it.

On Mac, the global config file at [user]/.nuget/NuGet. Here s a screenshot if like me, macOS is not your primary platform and you still struggle with these things.

2017-06-11_12-32-15.jpg

In Windows, it’s at %APPDATA%\NuGet\.

I keep a link to the “Configuring NuGet behavior” doc handy for when I forget where to find that.

I added these two keys to my PackageSources section:

<add key="nuget.org" value="https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json" protocolVersion="3" />

<add key="dotnet-core" value="https://dotnet.myget.org/F/dotnet-core/api/v3/index.json"/>

 Now it’s time to create a project

I’m on the Mac, so, to Terminal we will go.

I’ve created a new folder called EFCore20 – I know this is .NET Core, but eventually I plan to add in EF Core 2.0 as well.
My plan is to create a .NET Core console app (this will rely on netcoreapp2.0) and a library. The libray will be based on the netstandard2.0 library . That means its a library I’ll be able to use from a huge variety of apps, including .NET 4.6.1 based apps. EF Core 2.0 will also rely on .NET Standard 2.0, so any app or API that can consume netstandard, can also consume EF Core 2.0. Read more about that in this EF Core 2.0 announcement on GitHub.

I created one folder for each inside the EFCore20 folder:

netcore2console
netstandard2lib

Then I cd’d into the netcore2console app to create that app with the command:

dotnet new console.
That’s all it takes. This creates a tiny little Hello World app. The dotnet new command will also perform a dotnet restore after creating the files. This is the first moment you will see if things are wokring again. If the restore fails, it will tell you immediately.
This is the message I got when had things misaligned:
Error message: error MSB4236: The SDK ‘Microsoft.NET.Sdk’ specified could not be found.
The “specified” SDK is the currently installed version of whatever SDK you are referencing. In my case, the default for dotnet enw console is “dotnetcore” with the version being whatever version is installed.
Most likely the problem is that  you haven’t provided the correct URI for dotnet to find the proper NuGet packages.
If you don’t want to mess with the global config, you can create a local NuGet.config file in the folder with the app. In it’s entirety, it would look like:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <configuration>
  <packageSources>
   <addkey="nuget.org"value="https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json"protocolVersion="3"/>
   <addkey="dotnet-core"value="https://dotnet.myget.org/F/dotnet-core/api/v3/index.json"/>
  </packageSources>
</configuration>
Even though dotnet new will call restore, I like to call
dotnet restore
explicitly. (Control freak)
If it restored correctly, then the next step for validation is
dotnet build
And hopefully that gives you no errors as well. It shouldn’t.
Finally,
dotnet run
should result in spitting out
Hello World!
And now I know it’s working. Silly little bit but I want to verify this before I waste my time writing a bunh of code that isn’t going to run because I don’t even have .NET Core installed properly.
Another point of interest is what files were created by dotnet new console.
It’s easier to see them if I open them up in Visual Studio Code which I can do by typing
code .
There are only 2 files. The csproj with the project metadata and a program file.  The csproj file says that the target framework is netcoreapp2.0.

2017-06-11_14-09-46

The program file just spits out Hello World when it starts up.
2017-06-11_14-10-17
Here is a screenshot of all of the steps at the command line from dotnet new console to the Hello World! output including my extra dotnet restore. Another thing I like about the explicit restore is that it’s showing me more detailed info about the restore.
2017-06-11_14-03-19
Next I want to make sure I can get a .NET Standard library also working.
Still in the terminal (or console or PS if you’re on Windows), I now get into the 2nd sub folder, EF Core2/netstandardlibrary. dotnet new library defaults to using netstandard for the library. So that makes it easy.
dotnet new library
The library is created and the packages it needs are restored.
Here are the default contents of this new library, again, shown in VS Code.
Ntice that its csproj says the target framework is netstandard2.0.2017-06-11_14-16-09
And there’s an empty class file.
2017-06-11_14-18-12
I’ll modify the class to add a public method that returns a string: “Why, Hello There!”.
2017-06-11_14-22-01

Now I’ll go into the csproj for the console app and give it a project reference to the library. The intellisense does not (yet?) help me with this and my memory sucks*, so I head to Nate McMaster’s handy project.json to csproj mind mapper aka Project.json to MSBuild conversion guide to remind myself the syntax of a project reference. I add this below the property group section in the console app’s csproj file

 

<ItemGroup>
  <ProjectReference Include="..\netstandard2lib\netstandard2lib.csproj"/>
</ItemGroup>
Running dotnet restore and dotnet build again will help identify if you’ve got a typo in there. I often do.
Now I’ll modify the Program.cs file to also call output the resultls of caling the HiYa method from my library:
2017-06-11_14-31-39

And then back out to my terminal window (though I can also do it inside VS Code’s built-in terminal). I dotnet build the library and then change to the console folder. Rebuild that and run it and …voila

➜  netcore2console dotnet run

Hello World!

Why, Hello There!

➜  netcore2console

So now I know that .NET Core 2 (preview from a nightly build) is running properly on my machine and that I can create and use a .NET Standard 2.0 library. That means I can go ahead and confidently start creating a .NET Standard 2.0 library to host some EF Core 2.0 logic.

I also repeated this entire thing on my Windows machine. Not only does that let me know I can use this version of .NET Core there, but I will also do some work from within Visual Studio with the .NET Core 2.0 preview.

*(duh, I should just make myself a snippet in VS Code!)

Quick Start EF Core Videos on Channel 9

Data Access, , , ,

My Pluralsight course, Entity Framework Core: Getting Started, is a pretty thorough exploration for learning about EF Core. But at 5 hours, it may not be the VERY first thing you want to look at. So I’ve created some 12 minute videos on Channel 9 that will, in that very short time, walk you through building some tiny apps that use EF Core so you can get your hands dirty. While you won’t learn much in the way of ins & outs, they will walk you through:

  • creating a new app from scratch,
  • adding in a domain class
  • add in EF Core
  • creating an EF Core data model
  • creating a database from the model
  • creating and saving some data
  • reading, updating and modifying some data.

That’s a lot for 12 minutes, but I have done it in a way that you can just watch and learn, or follow along to build the apps yourself . For some of the code that is not related to the EF Core lesson, you can even copy that code from my GitHub account and paste it into your solution.

There are currently 2 videos.

EF Core in a Full .NET Application Using Visual Studio 2015
This one is designed to assure you that you can use EF Core in a full .NET application and using totally familiar tools. You’ll build a little .NET console app that uses EF Core to read and write some movie data.

EFCoreQS1Lerman_512 2017-03-22_18-21-35

EF Core in an ASP.NET Core Application Using Visual Studio 2017
This video will give you the full leading edge .NET Core experience as you use the brand new Visual Studio 2017 to create a tiny ASP.NET Core MVC App that uses EF Core to interact with the data. Again, some of the code that is not about EF Core is available to copy/paste from my GitHub account, making it easy to follow along with the demo.EFCoreQS2Lerman_512

2017-03-22_18-19-44

I’ll be adding anther one showing  Creating an ASP.NET Core App with EF Core Using Visual Studio Code in OS X . You can keep an eye on my Channel 9 Niners page or this blog to see what that gets published.

When your ready to really learn about EF Core, head over to Pluralsight for my Entity Framework Core: Getting Started Course. If you don’t have a subscription, contact me for a 30-day free trial code.

2017-03-22_18-35-49

Changes to EF Core With the RTM of VS2017 and Tools

Data Access, ,

When Visual Studio 2017 released today a few other things happened that are relevant to Entity Framework Core.

For more on EF Core, watch my EF Core: Getting Started course on Pluralsight.

EF Core Migrations Tools Release

First – something we were prepared for – the .NET Core SDK was also released. The last stable version was 1.0.0-preview2-1-003137. It’s now simply 1.0.0. Along with this, its dependent tooling, including EF Core Tools for PowerShell and dotnet were also released. As the .NET Core support evolved from project.json to msbuild, the EF Core tools split . We have been using 1.0.0-preview4 (for .NET and project.json) and 1.0.0-msbuild3 for msbuild/csproj support.

Now the tool packages are 1.1.0 (Tools) and 1.0.0 (Tools.DotNet)

For PowerShell support: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools 1.1.0
For dotnet CLI support: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools.DotNet 1.0.0

In Visual Studio 2015 (for full .NET projects) and Visual Studio 2017 (shown here, for full .NET or .NET Core projects), the Package Manager will show the RTM versions:

image

Notice that I do not have “Include prerelease” checked.

If using PMC to install, it’s just

install-package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools

That’s for the PowerShell tools, otherwise, add .DotNet to the name.

But notice that you no longer need to add the –pre.

When using the CLI version of the tools, the command

dotnet ef –version

results in

Entity Framework Core .NET Command Line Tools 1.0.0-rtm-10308

Changes to Migrations Commands

As the tools evolved through the previews, some details changed for example, the scaffolding command got smarter.

But one change that is notable is with respect to EF Core in class libraries. You still need to point to an executable project (exe or test) to run most of the commands, but now you can at least just use “dotnet ef” to get the help file without having to set the –startup-project parameter. There are a few other commands that will run without knowledge of the startup project. You can read more about this in this GitHub thread. Check some of the later comments by Brice Lambson as he worked on evolving the commands.

EF Core 1.1.1 – Patch

This was a more subtle part of the release. Even though the 1.1.1 milestone on GitHub had 30 bug fixes that are all closed , there hadn’t been any mention that this was going to get pushed out and the milestone had no target date on it. Though I had my suspicions! Here’s a screenshot I happened to take on March 5.

image

And yes, the newest version of the EF Core packages is now 1.1.1. These are bug fixes …as the increment suggests.  Most of them are edge cases, but regardless, you should definitely update your EF Core packages to ensure you have these latest fixes. If you’re creating new projects, 1.1.1 is what you’ll see available from NuGet.

Note: there was a regression introduced in EF Core 1.1.1 that is targeted to get fixed with the next patch. You can read about this issue here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/42708522/loading-related-data-aspnet-core-1-1

You can learn much more about EF Core in my EF Core: Getting Started course on Pluralsight.

Troubleshooting the dotnet ef command for EF Core Migrations

Data Access, ,

Updated March 7, 2017 after Visual Studio 2017 was released.
Also, keep in mind that I have been updating this post (and will continue to do so) as I discover new ways people are hitting problems with dotnet ef.

When using EF Core in a .NET Core app (ASP.NET Core or other app sitting on .NET core), it’s easy to run into a problem when attempting to use EF Core migrations at the command line. The most common one is

No executable found matching command "dotnet-ef"

A Note If Your Coming from My Pluralsight EF Core Course

Microsoft supports developing .NET Core apps in VS2017. The tooling for VS2015 is outdated and there are no plans to bring them up-to-date for the new csproj support. I recorded my Entity Framework Core: Getting Started  course on Pluralsight while VS2017 was still in beta. While I did recreate the VS2017 demos in RC3 right before we published the course, we chose to leave the  rest of  the .NET Core demos that are in VS2015 alone.  VS2015 only supports project.json and the project templates set you up for .NET Core 1.0, not .NET Core 1.1. So in the course means that we’re stuck with project.json support and tooling that’s not quite aligned. But Pluralsight and I both agreed that it made sense not to ALSO force users to the bleeding edge, not even released VS2017 for the demos. The course’s focus is on EF Core, so as long as I could hand-hold users through the project.json setup stuff without the need to make them expert at that, it was the right way to go.

Of the nearly 2000 who have already watched the course since it’s release less than 2 weeks ago,  a few people ran into some confusion with the versioning and getting the “no executable found” message. I worked through these with them but wanted to write down the suggestions I’d made and have a single blog post I could point to.

Problems You May Encounter with ‘dotnet ef’

While some of these notes are specific to the project.json use in the course, I’ve also added tips for using dotnet ef with the newer csproj/msbuild support.

There are a few key things to watch out for.

  1. The current stable tooling for EF Core migrations is split into two packages.
         Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools is for PowerShell
        Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools.DotNet is for the CLI (dotnet commands)
    Be sure you’ve referenced the Tools.DotNet version of the package so that you have access to the CLI commands. If you’re following my course, that’s explained.
  2. dotnet ef only works in .NET Core projects. If your project targets the full .NET framework, then you’ll need to use the PowerShell commands e.g. add-migration, update-database.
  3. Make sure that you are running the command from the folder that contains the project where the Tools package is referenced. This is explained in the course demos, but still a step you may overlook in your excitement!
  4. If you are using project.json*, make sure that you have the Tools.DotNet package in the Tools section, not the dependencies section. After March 7 release, this will just be “1.0.0”.
    *Going forward, you should only be using project.json with .NET Core 1.0 projects. If you are using the current .NET Core (1.1+) you should be using csproj/msbuild.

    "tools": {
   "Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools.DotNet": "1.0.0"
 }
  5. If you’re using csproj/msbuild, make sure the tools package is listed in the DotNetCliToolsReference tag.  After March 7 release, this will just be version “1.0.0”.

    <DotNetCliToolReference   
    Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools.DotNet"
    Version=”1.0.0” />
  6. If you’re using csproj/msbuild, make sure the casing is correct if you’re manually adding that package in csproj! I’ve seen people get tripped up by typing Dotnet rather than DotNet.
  7. It’s possible that you have to Tools correctly placed but your IDE did not trigger a dotnet restore. So you may need to do that manually. Here’s an example where that bit someone. https://github.com/aspnet/EntityFramework/issues/7801
  8. You shouldn’t be using an RC of VS2017 at this point but I’m leaving this one here.
    If you are using an older Release Candidate of Visual Studio 2017 (before RC3) , the CLI tooling was not yet aligned with the msbuild support so with that version, you have to use the PowerShell commands to do migrations. Therefore you have to use the Tools package and work in the package manager console, not the command line.

    <DotNetCliToolReference   
    Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools"
    Version="1.1.0-preview4" />

    As of  VS2017 RC3 (which is what I show in the last module of the course) it was possible to use msbuild3 as shown in point #4 above and the CLI commands. After March 7 release, this will just be “1.0.0”.

  9. Be sure you’re targeting a relational database. Migrations only work with those and not, for example, InMemory. A twitter friend accidentally ran into this problem and was getting the “no executable found” error message.
  10. Make sure that the version of the EF Core tools you are using aligns with the version of .NET Core on your machine.

In my EF Core course, I’m using EF Core 1.1 and for EF tools and in all but the last module, I’m using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools.DotNet 1.0.0-preview4. (I’m in the process of  updating the course to use the new 1.0.0 package)

You’ll need .NET Core 1.1 installed and the related dotnet SDK – which is not numbered as simply. Today the  .NET Core SDK tools are still in preview so the version number of the current “stable” build that goes with .NET Core 1.1 is 1.0.0-preview2-1-001377.  

Note that on March 7  when VS2017 has its official release, the .NET Core SDK tools will also be released so the versions will just be normal numbers like 1.0.0.

Here’s an example of what the dotnet ef command will tell you if you don’t have .NET Core 1.1 installed:

The specified framework 'Microsoft.NETCore.App', version '1.1.0' was not found.
 - Check application dependencies and target a framework version installed at:
 C:\Program Files\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.NETCore.App
 - The following versions are installed:
 1.0.1
 - Alternatively, install the framework version '1.1.0'.

You can get the correct version via the download grid at microsoft.com/net/download/core. The grid only exposes stable releases. If you’re looking for nightly builds (which at this time you need for using the csproj support), there’s a link to those just below the grid.

The set of downloads you get via the LTS button is for .NET Core 1.0.3. The Current button gives you the latest stable versions. The SDK button gets you the Runtime + SDK, whereas the Runtime button gives you ONLY the runtime.

The SDK installs will give you the SDK and the runtime. When you’ve selected the SDK set of installs, it says that it’s .NET Core 1.0. That’s referring to the version of the SDK. It will also install both the .NET Core 1.0 and .NET Core 1.1 runtimes. That single SDK is able to work with both of the runtimes. I’m on Windows x64 so my download is the first one on the list…the Windows x64 installer.netcoresdk10

Just as an FYI, if you select the Runtime set of downloads, then you will only be getting a specific version of a runtime and not the SDK.

netcore11runtime

After it’s installed, typing dotnet will show you that you the runtime version that your machine is running by default. That’s the later one. After installing the 1.0 SDK with both runtimes, dotnet tells me I’m running Version 1.1.0 of the runtime. 

 dotnet –version gives you the version of the SDK. That’s already showing me that there was a patch because the result says “1.0.1”.

If you installed this new SDK but are still seeing the old SDK version (1.0.0-preview2-001313), that is likely because that version is specified in the global.json file of your solution. That shouldn’t create a problem for using the migration commands, but it’s a good idea to have the correct version listed in global.json.

Some additional tips for you!

Commands can only run from an executable/test project

In my Pluralsight EFCore course, I have the DbContext in its own class library project. So when running dotnet ef, after solving all of the above problems, you’ll get a new message which is just pointing out that the commands depend on an executable to run. That message looks like this:

Could not invoke this command on the startup project 'TestEFCore.Data'. This version of the Entity Framework Core .NET Command Line Tools does not support commands on class library projects in ASP.NET Core and .NET Core applications.

In my case, I wasn’t ready to add a UI or test to the solution,  so I added a minimal console app just to cover this need. And it needs to reference the project with the DbContext. Once that’s sorted, you can use the —startup-project parameter of the dotnet ef command to point to that project. While I show all of this in my course, you can also see that in my MSDN Magazine article here: msdn.microsoft.com/magazine/mt742867

This will get a touch easier with the msbuild version of the EF Core tools. With the newer tooling, you’ll at least be able to run dotnet ef to get the command’s help without pointing to a startup-project, although to run sub commands, you’ll still need to specify the startup project.

Installing the EF Core Tools via NuGet in Visual Studio 2015

One of the viewers of the course reported a strange problem. He was able to add the EF Core Tools package in project.json and use the migrations from the CLI as expected. But if he attempted to add the package from the NuGet Package Manager or the Package Manager Console instead, he was back to the old ‘No executable found matching command “dotnet-ef”‘ error.

He finally noticed that there were errors when NuGet attempted to download the package. But in his IDE the errors were subtle, so he was unaware that the tools package was not installed. Here’s a screenshot he shared:

frsBKTFTRSjBGOFFZDJ6_nugetmanager

I figured out how to get myself into a similar bind and got a much more helpful error message:

2017-02-27_17-08-52

Package 'Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools.DotNet 1.1.0-preview4-final' uses features that are not supported by the current version of NuGet. To upgrade NuGet, see http://docs.nuget.org/consume/installing-nuget.

Even though Visual Studio extension manager did not indicate an available update AND it listed my NuGet Package Manager version as 3.5 (the latest), I learned that the team responsible for this extension had temporarily stopped pushing notifications for updates! That change is noted in the “No Auto Updates” section of this blog post: http://blog.nuget.org/20161027/Announcing-NuGet-3.5-RTM.html

So I had to explicitly download the latest VSIX (ignoring the fact that it seemed to have the same version # as the one I had installed!) from the NuGet  distributions page. After installing that, it resolved the problem of installing the EF Core tools package from the Package Manager and Package Manager Console.

2017-02-27_17-14-46

There’s a sneak peek at EF Core with msbuild in VS2017

A few people mentioned to me that they decided to go straight to VS2017 when working through the demos in the course. And they also said they were confused by some differences and had to do some research. I know for sure that one of these devs was kicking himself when I asked if he had watched the VS2017 demo I did at the end of the course before trying to VS2017 along with the early demos. (His answer was “umm, now you tell me!”)  It’s listed in the table of contents for the course. So if you take a peek at that first, I think doing all the demos in VS2017 will be a lot easier! I am currently in the process of updating the VS2017 demos to use the RTM and latest tools.

Hope this helps!